Sph refers to your vision prescription whilst cyl and axis together refer to astigmatism. If there is a -/ minus sign in front of the sph reference, it means you are shortsighted or myopic (ie difficulty in seeing distant objects clearly). If there is a +/ plus sign it means you are either longsighted or hyperopic (ie difficulty in seeing near objects clearly) if you are below 40 years old but it can also relate to your reading prescription when you are older as you develop presbyopia.
